Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD)犬髋关节发育不良（ CHD ）的

Article source: http://www.petfriendlyforums.com/ . 源条： http://www.petfriendlyforums.com/ 。 Used with author's permission. 用作者的许可。

What is Canine Hip Dysplasia?什么是犬髋关节发育不良？

Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a congenital disease that mainly affects large breed dogs.犬髋关节发育不良（冠心病）是一种先天性的疾病，主要影响大品种犬。 The word "dysplasia" means improper growth.单词“发育不良”是指不正当的增长。 Hip dysplasia can be described as a faulty or abnormal development of the hip.髋关节发育不良可以被描述为一个错误或不正常发展的髋关节。 In CHD, the hip becomes loose and wobbly, eventually leading to a form of arthritis which is commonly referred to Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD).在冠心病患者，髋关节变得松散，不稳定，最终导致某种形式的关节炎这是通常称为退行性关节病（ DJD ） 。 The degree of lameness that occurs is usually dependent upon the extent of arthritic changes in the hip joint.程度的跛行发生通常是依赖程度的关节炎变化的髋关节。 So too do environmental conditions such as amount of physical exercise, and weight gain contribute to the disease, and bring out symptoms.而且，环境条件，如数额体育锻炼，以及体重增加有助于疾病，并带出症状。

What Are the Symptoms of Canine Hip Dysplasia?是什么症状的犬髋关节发育不良？

The symptoms of CHD depend on the severity of the dysplasia.症状的冠心病取决于严重的发育不良。 Another factor is the whether or not degenerative joint disease (DJD) is present.另一个因素是与否退行性关节病（ DJD ）是本。 Dogs less than 1 year old have a tendency to have periods of acute bilateral (or unilateral) lameness in their rear legs.狗不到1岁的有一种倾向，有急性期的双边（或单方面）跛行的后腿。 Older dogs with CHD exhibit rear limb lameness with an obvious weight displacement to the forelimb (front paws).老年人冠心病犬展览后肢体跛行明显带有重量流离失所的前肢（前爪子） 。 Furthermore, the signs of lameness become more obvious with exercise or after a minor trauma.此外，跛行的迹象更加明显与行使或后创伤小。 Again depending on the degree of joint destruction, visible signs vary.再根据程度的联合破坏，明显的标志有所不同。

Typical signs are典型迹象

- Generally less active. -一般不活跃。

- Problem with stairs. -问题的楼梯。

- Less jumping -减跳跃

- Trouble rising, or laying down. -故障上升，或放下。

- When running will exhibit a A Bunny hopping @ gait -当运行将呈现阿兔跳@步态

- Painful reaction to the extension of the rear legs. -痛苦的反应，延长了后腿。

- A faint popping sound coming from the hip. -以微弱的声音突然从髋关节。

Are All Dogs at Risk Canine Hip dysplasia?所有的狗都处于危险犬髋关节发育不良？

CHD can occur in any dog.冠心病患者可能发生在任何狗。 However, large breed dogs are at a higher risk.然而，大量繁殖狗正处在一个较高的风险。 The Orthopedic Foundation of Animals (OFA) believes that some of the breeds at highest risk are:在骨科动物基金会（业务基金）认为，一些品种在风险最高的是：

Bulldog斗牛犬
Pug哈巴狗
Otterhund
Clumber Spaniel Clumber猎犬
Neapolitan Mastiff那不勒斯獒
St. Bernard圣伯纳德
Boykin Spaniel博伊金猎犬
Sussex Spaniel苏塞克斯猎犬
American Bulldog美国斗牛犬
Newfoundland纽芬兰
American Staffordshire Terrier美国斯塔福德梗
Bloodhound警犬
Bullmastiff
Chesapeake Bay Retriever切萨皮克湾猎犬
Golden Retriever黄金猎犬
Gordon Setter戈登蹲猎犬
Rottweiler罗威纳
Chow Chow松狮犬
Old English Sheepdog英国古代牧羊犬
Kuvasz库法斯
Norweigan Elkhound Norweigan Elkhound
Giant Schnauzer巨型雪纳瑞
German Shepherd德国牧羊犬
Bernese Mountain Dog伯恩山地犬
English Setter英语犬
Black and Tan Coonhound黑色和褐色猎浣熊犬
Shih Tzu施慈济
Staffordshire Terrier斯塔福德梗
Welsh Corgi威尔士科基犬
Beagle比格犬
Briard
Brittany不列塔尼
Bouvier des flandres布维尔万弗兰德
Welsh Springer Spaniel威尔士史宾格犬
Curly Coated Retriever卷毛涂层猎犬
Polish Lowland Sheepdog波兰低地牧羊犬
Portugese Water Dog葡萄牙水犬
English Springer Spaniel英国史宾格犬
Pudel Pointer Pudel指针
Irish Water Spaniel爱尔兰水猎犬

How is Canine Hip Dysplasia Diagnosed?如何犬髋关节发育不良诊断？

Initial assessment involves taking a history of the dog, and examining obvious clinical signs.初步评估涉及到历史上的狗，并审查明显的临床症状。 The only real way to see if a dog is suffering from CHD is through X Rays.唯一真正的途径，看看是否狗患冠心病是通过X射线。 If found early enough in pups, surgery can correct the problem.如果早期发现足够的幼崽，手术可以纠正这个问题。

What Is the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia?什么是治疗犬髋关节发育不良？

Treatment for CHD can be as mild as recommending rest, or as severe as surgery, depending on the severity of the dysplasia, amount of DJD, the age of the dog, the size of the dog, and many other factors, treatment will vary.治疗冠心病可作为温和的建议休息，或那样严重，手术，这取决于严重的发育不良，数额DJD ，年龄的狗，大小的狗，和其他许多因素，待遇会有所不同。

Possible Conservative Treatment可能保守治疗

- Weight monitoring -体重监测

- Moderate exercise -适度运动

- Pain relief medication -缓解疼痛的药物

- Joint and health supplements -联合和保健品

Possible Surgical Treatment可能的外科治疗

Currently there are three main surgical procedures used in for the treatment of CHD.目前有三个主要的外科手术中使用的用于治疗冠心病。

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)三骨盆截骨生成素（ TPO ）

In this procedure, three separate bone cuts are made in order to free the acetabulum component (the socket or cup) of the hip joint from the rest of the pelvis.在此过程中，三个独立的骨裁员是为了自由髋臼部分（插座或杯）髋关节从其余的骨盆。 The acetabulum is then rotated to provide better coverage.髋臼旋转，然后提供更好的覆盖面。 A bone plate is secured to maintain this new position and allow the bone cuts to mend.骨板的担保，以保持这一新的立场，并允许削减骨修补。 The procedure is for large breed dogs, no older than 10 months of age.该程序的大型狗品种，没有超过10个月的年龄。 Candidates for this surgery must only have mild CHD and no arthritis present.候选人必须手术只能有轻度冠心病和关节炎本。

Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO)股骨头骨（ FHO ）

In this procedure, the head of the femur is removed.在此过程中，头部股骨被删除。 The residual portion of the femur forms a "false" joint with muscle, tendons and ligaments.剩余部分股骨形成了一个“假”关节肌肉，肌腱和韧带。 Even though the false joint is not as superior as the original, most dogs experience a great reduction in pain.即使是虚假的联合不是上级原始，最狗的经验一个伟大减少疼痛。 This particular surgery is far more effect in smaller dogs, with most experiencing an almost normal function of the hip.这种特殊的手术更为影响较小的犬，大多数经历了几乎正常功能的髋关节。

Total hip replacement (THR)全髋关节置换术（术）

In this procedure the head and neck of the femur are both replaced with either stainless steel or titanium implants.在此过程中头部和颈部股骨都可以代替不锈钢或钛植入。 This surgery is used on young dogs who have fully matured developed physically.这种手术使用的是年轻的狗谁已经完全成熟的发达国家身体。 THR is also used in older dogs who weigh a minimum 40lbs.术也用于老年人狗谁权衡最低40磅。 If done correctly, the procedure can be very successful; however it is only done by a select few, and is very expensive.如果操作正确，程序可以非常成功，但是它只是做了一些选择，并是很昂贵的。

Is There Any Way to Prevent Canine Dysplasia?是否有任何方式，以防止犬发育不良？

CHD is a combination of genetics and environmental factors.冠心病是一种结合遗传和环境因素。 Responsible breeders are working on reducing the chances of CHD by breeding dogs that are less likely to produce pups that will have the disease, by better sceening methods.负责饲养的工作机会减少冠心病的繁殖狗是不太可能产生幼崽，将有疾病，更好地sceening方法。

Environmental factors do NOT cause CHD.环境因素不会导致冠心病。 Instead, they bring out the symptoms in a dog that already has the disease.相反，他们带出症状的狗已经有这种疾病。 Responsible owners can help dogs with CHD by addressing these environmental variables.负责任的业主可以帮助狗与冠心病的解决这些环境变数。 By closely monitoring a dog's diet, for example, owners can insure that a pup will not grow too fast, or become over weight.通过密切监测狗的饮食习惯，例如，车主可投保的小狗不会增长太快，或成为了重量。 Here is a list of variables that can be controlled in order to nurture a dog with CHD.下面列出了变数，是可以控制的，以培养一种与冠心病犬。

- Limit rough play, jumping, climbing stairs or slick floors. -发挥极限粗糙，跳跃，爬楼梯或光滑地板。

- Monitor food intake. -监控食物的摄入。

- Calcium supplementation (may increase the bone remodeling). -补钙（可能会增加骨重建） 。

- Forced running for any distance, especially on tarmac, asphalt or other hard surfaces -强迫运行的任何距离，特别是在停机坪上，沥青或其他硬表面

- Have your dog certified by The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) -有你的狗经骨科动物基金会（业务基金）

Ths website only provides BASIC information about Canine Hip Dysplasia.奥运会网站只提供基本信息犬髋关节发育不良。 your veterinarian is always your best source of health information.您的兽医始终是你最好的来源，健康的信息。 Consult your veterinarian for more information about CHD and its prevention.咨询您的兽医，详细了解冠心病和预防。

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