Breeding Formulas/ Shih Tzu育种公式/施慈济

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The best breedings are generally those where the pedigrees have several outstanding ancestors common to both the sire and dam.最好的breedings通常是那些家有几个出色的共同祖先的陛下和大坝。 This is how breed "type" is set.这是滋生“类型”设置。 The formula for establishing and maintaining type, for example, would be the sire's sire should be the same dog as the dam's grandsire.计算公式为建立和维护类型，例如，将是陛下的陛下应是相同的狗作为大坝grandsire 。 This can be reversed to make a line breeding on the dam's sire as well; known as close line breeding.这可以扭转，使一条线育种的大坝陛下以及;称为密切行滋生。 With this formula, one is able to "set type" within a breed.在这个公式，一个是能够“设置类型”内滋生。 The type you set can be either good or bad.类型设置可以是好还是坏。 The goal, of course, is to set a type that is "good."的目标，当然是设定一个类型，是“很好。 ” One must know the health histories of these family members, as well as all the good you are trying to set type for.人们必须知道的健康记录这些家庭成员，以及所有的好你正试图确定类型。 Line and inbreeding can increase the possibility of producing even better dogs, but it also must be realized, through augmentation by percentages, line and inbreeding can produce animals with undesirable characteristics.线和近亲繁殖可以增加的可能性，甚至产生更好的狗，但它也必须认识到，通过增加的百分比，路线和近亲繁殖的动物能产生不良的特点。

When few or no ancestors are common to the sire and dam, the breeding is known as an outcross.当很少或根本没有共同祖先的陛下和大坝，滋生称为outcross 。 Some outcrosses are excellent, while others are not.一些outcrosses是极好的，而另一些则不是。 Puppies can resemble the sire, the dam, or a combination of the parents or even a remote ancestor.小狗可以类似于陛下，大坝，或结合的父母，甚至是偏远的祖先。

Line breeding is generally the safest course to practice when both the sire and the dam of the litter share multiple common ancestors.线育种通常是最安全的做法当然，既当陛下和坝垃圾份额多个共同的祖先。 You work with known qualities.你的工作与已知的品质。 With line breeding you will know in advance to some degree what the puppies will look like and how they most likely will behave.随着线育种你会事先知道在一定程度上是小狗的样子以及他们如何将最有可能的行为。

Inbreeding is the most misunderstood of all the breeding formulas and should be done by only the most experienced breeders, those who have a very strong grasp of genetics and who have known the direct ancestors for at least the first few generations.近亲繁殖是最被误解的所有育种公式和应做的只有最有经验的饲养，这些谁有很强的把握遗传学，谁知道的直接祖先，至少在头几年几代人。 Type is firmly set by inbreeding.类型是确立了近亲繁殖。 Good or poor qualities are intensified.好或差的素质得到加强。 There is the opportunity to produce superior puppies, but there is also the risk of producing very poor specimens.有机会产生卓越的小狗，但也有可能产生非常贫穷的标本。 The best and worst of the ancestors should be carefully evaluated before using the inbreeding formula.在最佳和最差的祖先应仔细评估之前，使用近亲繁殖的公式。

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