Animal Ethics动物伦理

Article source: http://www.web-rover.com/ . 文章来源： http://www.web-rover.com/ 。 Used with author's permission. 用作者的许可。

Introduction导言

A long time ago, before evolution turned the primate into the businessman carrying a brief case, the topic of ethical considerations concerning animals was as talked about as an episode of Barney at a dog trainer's convention.一在很久以前，之前的演变，把灵长类动物进入商人进行简短的情况下，话题的伦理考量有关动物作为谈到作为一个集巴尼在狗教练机的公约。 Why is this?为什么会这样呢？ I believe that this is because nobody bothered to decide to give the issue any thought.我相信这是因为没有人困扰，决定对这一问题给予任何思想。 And how could they?和，怎么可能呢？ Back in the day of the cave man, people spent their days' hunting, and looking after family.早在一天的洞穴男子，人们花在他们的天狩猎，并期待后的家庭。 Whatever animals they owned were used for hunting purposes, or food.无论动物，他们拥有被用于狩猎的目的，或食物。 Today we as society still use animals for hunting and food purposes, however I am sure that we have a more animalistic view now than the cave man did back years ago.今天，我们作为社会仍然使用动物狩猎和食物的目的，但是我相信我们有一个更animalistic鉴于现在比窑洞男子没有回到多年前。

Over the years, as we have evolved into what we are today, ethical and principle considerations have evolved right along with us.多年来，由于我们有演变成什么，我们今天，道德和原则的考虑，已演变的权利，随着我们。 What I can not understand, is why it took so long for people to start considering the feelings of animals!是什么，我无法理解，就是为什么花了这么久的人开始考虑感情的动物！

In today's society, many animals are abused, neglected and tortured in various hideous ways.在今天的社会，许多动物被虐待，被忽视和折磨，在各种丑恶的方式。 Back in the day of the cave man, I am sure that similar behavior took place.早在一天的洞穴男子，我相信类似的行为发生。 Is it a case of evolution installing a sense of compassion towards our animals, or is it something deeper?是一个案件的演变安装的责任感同情心，对我们的动物，抑或是更深的东西？ I do not know the answer to this, but I do know that values and ethics are passed down from generation to generation, and it is up to us today to instill our values on the next generation so that we can continue to provide the optimum environment for our animals to live in and enjoy.我不知道答案，但我确实知道的价值观和伦理是传下来的一代又一代，这是今天给我们灌输的价值观对我们的下一代，让我们可以继续提供最佳环境为我们的动物生活在和享受。

In the following paper, I will analyze key ethical principles that I have, and relate them to some of society's most talked about animal related issues.在下面的文件，我会分析关键的伦理原则，我有，并涉及他们的一些社会的谈论最多的动物相关的问题。 In doing this I will discuss issues from both sides of the fence however, emphasis will be placed on my own beliefs as this is afterall a reflection paper.在这样做的，这点我将讨论的问题，从双方的围栏，但重点将放在我自己的信念，因为这毕竟反映了文件。 Some issues being discussed in this paper include: Views on service dogs, animal rights, and animal-master bond just to name a few.有些问题正在讨论在这方面的文件包括：对服务的意见，狗，动物权利，和动物-硕士债券只是仅举几例。

Service Dogs服务犬

"Dogs that have been specially trained to assist a disabled person with certain daily tasks." “狗已受过特别训练，以协助残疾人士与某些日常工作” 。 (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language) （美国传统字典中的英语语言）

This definition given by the above source is the best way that I could ever describe a service dog.这个定义所给予的上述源是最好的方式，我都不能描述一个服务的狗。 Having the ability to further one's independence is an amazing feeling that is not felt until one is in the position to do so; yet in a lot of cases, people have a negative outlook on the use of dogs or other animals as providers and assistive partners for those who need them.有能力，以进一步之一的独立是一个了不起的感觉，这是没有感受到，直到一个是在立场，这样做，但在很多情况下，人们有消极的人生观使用狗或其他动物作为供应商和辅助伙伴对于那些谁需要他们。

I myself, am a huge service dog advocate.我自己，很庞大的服务犬主张。 Being able to witness first hand what a dog can do for a disabled person has made me wonder why there are people out there who disagree with the service dog concept; however, There are people out there who simply view the dog as "man's best friend."正在能够见证第一手什么狗可以做一个伤残人士作出了我，不知为何有人有谁不同意的服务犬的概念;但是，也有市民指出，有鉴于谁，根本狗作为“人类最好的朋友“ 。 These people have the belief that a dog is a pet, and should be pampered, and not forced to be given the responsibilities that service dogs are given.这些人都认为，狗是宠物，并应尽情享受，而不是被迫被赋予的职责，服务犬。 I can totally understand why these people would be against service dogs based on their own values, however what I do disagree with is the way that these people go about degrading the work put in by thousands of dedicated individuals to ensure that a successful dog/handler team is formed.我可以完全理解为什么这些人会反对，服务犬的基础上自己的价值观，但我不同意这样做是这样，这些人去有辱人格的工作，提出在数以千计的个人专用，以确保一个成功的狗/处理团队形成。 Rallies against the use of dogs for service needs are held now and again, and you can not get away from people staring or yelling "slave labor" as you pass them.示威抗议使用狗服务的需要，现在和举行一次，你不能摆脱人凝视，或大喊大叫， “奴隶劳动”作为您通过他们。 What these people do not understand, is that service dogs live more productive, healthy and fulfilling lives than most family pets.这些人有什么不明白的是，服务犬活更具生产力，健康和充实的生活比大多数的家庭宠物。

Because of the work that these dogs willing and happily perform, they are subjected to very high quality care, (eg) top of the line dog food, ample exercise and against popular belief, a lot of normal doggie activity.因为工作的，这些狗愿意，并愉快地表演，他们受到的质量非常高，护理， （例如）顶部的路线狗食，充分行使和对民间信仰，很多正常doggie活动。 The aim in a dog's life is to please, and I wish those people against the use of service dogs could be there every morning when I ask Luther if he is ready to go to work!目的是在狗的生命是为了取悦，我想那些人反对使用服务的狗可以有每天早上当我问路德如果他是准备去工作！

Animal Master Bond动物掌握债券

The saying "dog is a man's best friend" is one that I hold a lot of respect for.俗语“狗是人类最好的朋友”是一个我认为有很多的尊重。 First of all unconditional love from a dog to a master is incomparable to that of another human being.首先，所有无条件的爱从一个狗主人是无与伦比的该另一人。 Second, dog's do not blab secrets that you tell them!第二，狗的不blab机密，你告诉他们！ All kidding aside, the dog has and will be one of man's best comrades, because they have what we all want and need, this being an ability to put up with us, understand us better than we think they do, and the ability to make us feel better when we are sad.所有开玩笑外，狗，并将于1人的最好的同志们，因为他们有什么我们都希望和需要，这是一个有能力提出了与我们，理解我们更好地比我们想象的，他们这样做，并有能力使我们的感觉更好，当我们是一件悲伤的事情。

On a personal level, I love spending time with my dog, and would rather his company to the company of most people.就我个人的水平，我爱花时间与我的狗，并会，而不是他的公司，该公司的大多数人。 No he can not talk to me or give me advice on problems that I tell him about, however he is always there for me with a lick and a tail wag, letting me know in his own way that he loves me and wants to be with me.没有他不能跟我或给我的意见的问题，我告诉他，但他总是在那里我与舔和一条尾巴wag ，让我知道在他自己的路，他爱我，并希望能与我。

I do believe that I may have an unhealthy relationship with my dog.我相信我可能有一种不健康的关系，与我的狗。 When spending the majority of your day in close proximity with an animal I have found it impossible not to grow used to the constence of him being there.开支时，大多数的天，在接近与动物，我发现它不可能不成长，用于向constence他在那里。 On an ethical level, people may view this as unethical due to the fact that it may look to them that I need my dog to function as a human being.对一个道德水平上，人们可能认为这是不道德的，由于事实，即它可能期待他们说，我需要我的狗，以功能作为一个人。 This is not the case.这是情况并非如此。 I need my dog to assist me in day to day activity that could be performed minus the dog, however is greatly enhanced with the assistants that he provides me.我需要我的狗，以协助我在日常活动可以表现减去棒球，不过是大大增强了与助理，他提供了我。

Of course you will get the "oh he's so smart," or "Oh he is so well behaved in public," kind of people, however others again may view the fact that the dog is so in tune with what I am doing as a negative.当然，您也将获得“哦，他的聪明， ”或“哦，他是如此的表现，以及在公众， ”种人，但别人可能再次检视的事实是，狗是如此，在配合什么，我做一个否定的。 I have talked with people in the past about my dog's willingness to be with me and why he travels everywhere with me instead of lying in the corner 24 hours a day or chasing cars like normal dogs.我已跟人民，在过去对我的狗的愿意与我，以及他为什么旅行，到处跟我不是摆在角落，每天24小时或追车一样，正常犬。 The animal bond works two ways: them being, the dog bonding to the master and the master bonding to the dog.动物债券工程的方式有两种：他们，狗的结合，向船长和主键，以狗。 I never knew the feeling of a human dog commensal relationship until I got to know my own dog, and it is a feeling that I will not trade for the world, and I would say that Luther feels the same as I do.我从来不知道的感觉，一个人的狗commensal的关系，直到我知道我自己的狗，它是一种感觉，我不会贸易，为世界，我会说，感觉路德一样，我手边。 We both respect each other, we both know what is expected of each other, we both know what buttons to press and not to press, and we definitely know how to have fun either with each other or apart.我们都相互尊重对方，我们都知道什么是预期对方，我们都知道什么按钮按下，而不是新闻，我们肯定知道如何得到乐趣要么与对方或除了。 However going back to the unhealthy bonding issue, this is where I believe I may have gone wrong with my dog.不过回到不健康的结合问题，这是我相信我可能会出错，与我的狗。

By spending so much time together, we have become used to each other's company, and when we are apart, I miss him terribly and I know he feels the same way I do.由花了这么多的时间在一起，我们已成为用来对方的公司，当我们除了，我想念他，可怕的，我知道他觉得同样的方式我手边。 Dogs wear their emotions on their paws, and I can tell when he is stressed or upset as I'm sure he can tell if I am feeling different than normal.狗穿他们的情绪，对他们的爪子，我可以告诉时，他是强调或不高兴作为我敢肯定，他可以告诉如果我的感觉不同，较正常。 This said, I would not trade or relationship for the world.此说，我是不会的贸易关系，或为世界。 Luther makes my life easier, and in return, I provide him with love, a stable home, and everything else that a big slab of lab needs to enjoy his life to the fullest.路德，使我的生活变得更轻松，并在返回，我向他提供与爱情，一个稳定的家，一切即一大板坯的劳顾会的需要，享受了自己的一生充分。

Animal Rights动物权利

Being an animal lover, it is hard to understand the difficulty over the years to ensure animal rights are afforded to our animals.作为一个动物的情人，这是很难理解的困难，多年来，以确保动物的权利是给予我们的动物。 We as humans have the power to control a lot of external powers that may confront us, however our animals don't, and for the longest time we have ignored this fact and focused on fending for ourselves.我们作为人类有能力控制了很多外部的权力，可能面对我们，但我们的动物，不这样做，和时间最长，我们忽视了这个事实，并着眼于抵御为自己。 This puzzles me because I am sure that over the years, we have noticed that human rights issues have become more and more prominent.这令人困惑的我，因为我深信，多年来，我们注意到，在人权问题上越来越突出。 People fighting for their rights is a great thing, however why is it so hard to believe that animals shouldn't have rights also?人民争取自己的权利是一个伟大的事，但是，为什么会这样很难相信，动物不应该有权利也？ Just because the common dog can not stand up and say, "I have the right to pee on any patch of grass that I want," does not mean that that right should not be given to him/her does it?只是因为共同的狗不能站起来，说： “我有权利工程师对任何修补基层，我想， ”并不意味着这种权利不应该给他/她是否？

I am not a huge animal rights advocate, however I do believe that they do need to be prominent in society so that people know that they can be held responsible if a right to an animal is withheld, the same way that some one can be held responsible if a right to a human is denied.我不是一个庞大的动物权利倡导者，但我相信他们这样做需要加以突出的社会，使人们知道他们可以负上责任，如果有权动物是隐瞒，同样的方式，有些人可以举行如果一个负责的权利人是否认。

Do We As Humans Have The Right To Make Decisions For Animals?我们作为人类有权利作出决定的动物呢？

The answer to this question I believe has changed over the years.这个问题的答案，我相信已经改变多年来。 Years ago before the cat and dog were domesticated, I share the belief that these animals had the ability to fend for themselves without any human interaction.年前，猫，狗被驯化的，我也有同感，认为这些动物有能力照顾自己，没有任何人类的互动。 Now that we have taken steps to domesticate the common dog and cat as well as numerous other types of mammals, reptiles and birds, I believe that we do play and need to play a role in the decision making process that these creatures go through.现在，我们已经采取步骤，驯化共同的狗和猫，以及无数其他类型的哺乳动物，爬虫类和鸟类，我相信我们做的发挥和需要发挥作用，在决策过程中，这些动物经过。

When we domesticate an animal we suppress its natural instincts that it is born with.当我们驯化的动物，我们抑制其自然的本能，这是天生的。 This sounds harsh, but it is so true.这听起来苛刻，但它是如此的真实。 Take for example the undomesticated dog.采取例如undomesticated狗。 The undomesticated dog kills for its food as today's domesticated dog is fed from a bag or a can.该undomesticated狗杀死其食物作为今天的驯化，狗是美联储从一个袋，或可以。 I would like nothing better than to delve into the mind of a dog to find out which he prefers, however that component of science is unfortunately yet to be developed.我想没有什么优于进去，深不介意的狗，以找出哪个他喜欢，不过，组成部分，科学遗憾的是，仍有待开发。

Being able to modify such an important aspect to the dogs life pattern scares me because it shows me how much mankind can dominate basically anything living that it chooses; this said, I do believe that humans do need to play a big role in the lives of today's pets.能够修改，例如一个重要方面，以狗的生活模式，我害怕，因为它显示我多少人类可以主宰基本上是什么生活，它选择;这说，我相信人类确实需要发挥了很大作用的生命今天的宠物。 Suppressing an animals instincts is quite different from eliminating them.镇压一动物的本能是颇为不同，从消除他们。 Stray dogs will still form packs and can be cause for concern if not delbt with.流浪狗仍然会的形式包，可引起关注，如果不delbt 。 Your cute little guy could be all hunkie dorie in the daytime, and turn into Wolf Dracula at nighttime while you are sleeping, returning to curl up by your fireplace the following morning.您可爱的小家伙，可所有hunkie dorie在白天，变成狼来了伯爵在夜间，而你是睡觉，返回卷曲由您的壁炉翌日早上。 The pray drive of the common dog is what can get him/her into trouble and this is why I believe that human, master bond is so important.该驱动器的祈祷，共同狗是什么可以让他/她的麻烦，这就是为什么我相信人类，掌握债券是如此的重要。

Speaking from experience, having a good relationship with your dog or cat helps to eliminate bad decisions that your pet can make.在谈到从经验中，有一个良好的关系，与您的狗或猫，有助于消除坏的决定，你的宠物可以。 Sometimes, your furry pet is triggered by primitive instinct, the same instinct that mankind has tried so hard to suppress due to its unwantedness in human society.有时，您的毛宠物，是所引发的原始本能，同样的本能，人类曾尝试努力抑制由于其unwantedness在人类社会中。 This is an excellent example of why I believe that we need to play a part in the decision making of our pets.这是一个很好的例子，为什么我认为我们需要发挥的一部分，在决策，我们的宠物。 I think ethical beliefs need to be modified when discussing domesticated or non-domesticated animals.我认为道德信念需要修改时，讨论的驯化或非家养动物。 Thanks to the effort of mankind, we need to assist our domesticated friends because they do not have the capability to fully function by themselves.经过努力，人类，我们必须帮助我们的驯化的朋友，因为他们没有能力，全面的功能本身。 I do not mean to sound derogatory by this last statement.我不是指健全的贬义由这个最后的声明。 I am 100% thankful for the work that our predecessors have put in to allow us to enjoy the company of a non-human companion.我百分之一百的感谢工作，我们的前人提出的在让我们享受该公司的一个非人类的伴侣。 My belief is that most domesticated animals live better lives than they would've led in the wild so how can domesticating an animal b unethical?我的信念是，大多数家养动物的生活更加美好的生活，比他们所领导的在野外的，所以如何能驯化动物b不道德的？ I'm guessing the response to this question would very depending on the person answering it, and that is ok.我猜测的回应这个问题将非常依赖于人回答它，那就是确定。 People's opinions will be different based on their ethical beliefs and I would never try to push my beliefs on to some one else, however I think I speak for the majority of the population when I say that without domesticated animals in our lives, life would just not be the same.市民的意见会有不同的基础上，他们的道德信仰和我绝不会尝试把我的信念就一些其他人，不过我想我发言，为占人口绝大多数的，当我说没有家养动物在我们的生活，生活会刚不一样。

Conclusion结论

I wish I could say that both nondomesticated and now domesticated animals have thrived on evolution as we as humans have, however I do understand that a significant component of animal evolution is due to man's interference.我想我可以说，双方nondomesticated和现在家养动物有蓬勃发展的演变，因为我们作为人类，但我明白的一个重要组成部分动物的演化是由于人为的干预。 Whether we like it or not, mankind was and is responsible for a large aspect of the animal kingdom as we see it today.无论我们喜欢与否，人类，并负责一个大方面的动物王国中我们看到今天。 Clearing land, expansion and willingness to befriend, has greatly altered natural evolution and has imposed the will of mankind on to our co-habitating non-human species.结算土地，扩建和愿意交朋友，极大地改变了自然的演进，并已强加的意志，人类对我们的合作habitating非人类物种。 In today's world I am grateful to have the option of walking up to a dog or a cat and petting him/her, an option that I would not have before domestication became prominent.在今天的世界上我很感谢也可以选择步行到一只狗或猫和畜他/她，一种选择，我不会有前驯化成为突出。 In today's society, animals play a huge role in the lives of millions of people worldwide.在今天的社会，动物发挥了巨大作用，在数百万人的生命世界各地。 Whether it be by fulfillment, labor related or just company, it is very evident that life would not be what it is today without the domesticated animal along side us.无论是由圆满，劳动相关的或只是公司，这是很明显的生活不会有什么，这是今天在未经驯化动物的旁边我们。 These animals provide us with friendship, love, protection, a good laugh, and stress relief and it is because of all these positive factors that make me selfish as well as very thankful that evolutionization has occurred to the level that it has.这些动物为我们提供了友谊，爱，保护，一个良好的笑，并强调救济和这是因为所有这些积极因素，使我自私，以及非常感谢evolutionization已发生的水平，它已。

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